Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The quality and performance of these products largely depend on their raw material composition. Understanding the materials used in sanitary pad production helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Soft, breathable materials with quick-drying properties

Key properties: Softness, breathability, and rapid liquid transfer to the absorption layer.

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial component that determines the pad’s absorption capacity. Common materials include:

– Wood pulp (fluff pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Cotton fibers
– Blends of these materials

The absorbent core can hold up to 10-15 times its weight in liquid, with SAP being particularly effective at locking in moisture.

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and keeps moisture from reaching clothing. Materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Non-woven fabric composites

Modern back sheets often combine moisture protection with breathability to enhance comfort.

## Additional Components

### 1. Adhesive Layers

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for panty attachment
– Hot melt adhesives for layer bonding
– Silicone-based release papers

### 2. Side Barriers

– Raised elastic barriers (often made of non-woven materials)
– Leak-proof cuffs

### 3. Fragrance Components (optional)

– Microencapsulated fragrance beads
– Natural essential oils (in some organic products)

## Material Properties and Performance

The effectiveness of sanitary pads depends on several material properties:

### Absorption Capacity

– Measured in grams of fluid absorbed per gram of material
– SAP can absorb 30-60 times its weight in liquid
– Wood pulp provides good initial absorption

### Retention Capacity

– Ability to retain absorbed liquid under pressure
– SAP excels in this property

### Wicking Ability

– Horizontal liquid distribution across the pad
– Prevents pooling in one area

### Softness and Comfort

– Measured by fiber fineness and surface texture
– Important for skin contact areas

### Breathability

– Measured by moisture vapor transmission rate
– Reduces heat and moisture buildup

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments in sanitary pad materials focus on sustainability:

– Biodegradable top sheets from bamboo or corn fibers
– Organic cotton cores
– Plant-based SAP alternatives
– Compostable back sheets

Manufacturers are increasingly balancing performance with environmental impact in their material choices.

## Conclusion

The composition of sanitary pad raw materials directly affects product performance, comfort, and safety. From the skin-friendly top sheet to the highly absorbent core and leak-proof back sheet, each component plays a vital role. As technology advances, we’re seeing more innovative and eco-friendly materials entering the market, offering women better choices for their menstrual hygiene needs.