Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Components

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on their raw material composition. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose while working together to provide optimal protection.

## Core Materials in Sanitary Pads

### Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton or other natural fibers for premium products

Key properties: Softness, breathability, and quick-drying capability to maintain skin comfort.

### Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both materials

The SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid, transforming it into gel to prevent leakage.

### Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and keeps moisture from reaching clothing. Materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Nonwoven fabric composites

This layer must be liquid-proof while allowing vapor transmission for comfort.

## Additional Components

### Adhesive Layers

Sanitary pads contain several adhesive components:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive for attachment to underwear
– Hot melt adhesives for bonding layers together
– Release paper for protecting the adhesive before use

### Wings (in winged pads)

Winged pads feature additional components:

– Nonwoven fabric extensions
– Special adhesives for secure fastening
– Flexible materials for comfortable fit

## Material Properties and Considerations

### Absorption Capacity

The combination of fluff pulp and SAP determines the pad’s absorption:

– Fluff pulp provides quick absorption
– SAP offers high retention capacity
– Balance between both materials affects performance

### Breathability

Modern pads emphasize breathability through:

– Microporous back sheets
– Air-permeable top sheets
– Ventilation channels in some designs

### Skin Safety

Materials must be:

– Hypoallergenic
– Free from harmful chemicals
– Dermatologically tested
– pH balanced

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments focus on:

– Biodegradable materials
– Organic cotton options

– Reduced plastic content
– Compostable components

Manufacturers continue to innovate with new materials that balance performance, comfort, and environmental impact. The choice of raw materials directly affects the pad’s effectiveness, wearer comfort, and ecological footprint.